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Biology

BIODIVERSITY|Evolution of Biodiversity |Biodiversity classification |Biodiversity conservation strategies |Threats to Biodiversity |Biodiversity hotspots and their conservation |Biodiversity and Ecosystem services |Biodiversity and climate change | Sustainable management of biodiversity

  BIODIVERSITY 1. BIODIVERSITY  Sum total of diversity that exists at all levels of biological organisation. o Levels of biodiversity --> Genetic, Species and Ecosystem levels 2. GENETIC DIVERSITY : o A single species might show high diversity at the genetic level over its distributional range. o India has more than 50,000 genetically different strains of rice, and 1,000 varieties of mango. 3. SPECIES DIVERSITY: o The diversity at the species level. o For example, the Western Ghats have a greater amphibian species diversity than the Eastern Ghats.   4. ECOLOGICAL DIVERSITY: o At the ecosystem level, India, with its deserts, rain forests, mangroves, coral reefs, wetlands, estuaries, and alpine meadows has a greater ecosystem diversity than a Scandinavian country like Norway. 5. More than 1.5 million species have been recorded in the world, but there might still be nearly 6 million species on earth waiting to be discovered and named. o Of the named species, >
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MOLECULAR BASIS OF INHERITANCE | BUILDING BLOCK OF NUCLEIC ACID |TRANSCRIPTION |GENETIC CODE |GENE REGULATION |THE LAC OPERON |HUMAN GENOME PROJECT |DNA FINGERPRINTING

 MOLECULAR BASIS OF INHERITANCE. NCERT Based & Simplified 1. Finding out the chemical responsible for Mendelian inheritance (factor), its structure,& How it works is  MOLECULAR BASIS OF INHERITANCE. 2. DNA act as genetic material in all cellular organism either it is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. o RNA ACT AS GENETIC MATERIAL ONLY IN SOME VIRUSES. o RNA also act as messenger ,adaptor & structural RNA. o RNA also act as enzyme molecule(Ribozyme) @ RNA World Hypothesis 3. THE DNA ●Polymer of Nucleotide -->POLYNUCLEOTIDE ●The length of DNA is expressed in base pair (bp) ●Specific for particular organism. ●Bp is number of nucleotide pairs in DNA ●Bacteriophage -Φ174 5386 nucleotides. ●Bacteriophage -->48502 bp ●E.coli --> 4.6x106 bp ●Human -->3.3 x109 bp in haploid cell. 4. BUILDING BLOCK OF NUCLEIC ACID and NUCLEOTIDE o A nucleotide has three component -a nitrogenous base (either purine or pyrimidine) ,deoxyribose pentose sugar& a p
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BODY FLUID & CIRCULATION NEET NOTES| BLOOD|FORMED ELEMENTS |BLOOD GROUPS|COAGULATION OF BLOOD|DOUBLE CIRCULATION|ECG| ANGINA

BODY FLUID & CIRCULATION   1. BLOOD  o Study of blood is called Haematology. o Blood originates from Mesoderm. o Blood formation is called Hemopoiesis and in adult human it takes place in BONE MARROW but during embryonic state it takes place mainly in liver (little blood also form in spleen and rib in embryo). o Blood pH-7.4. o Blood volume in a person is 1/13th part of total body weight. o Special connective tissue o Consisting of a fluid matrix, plasma, and formed elements. 2. PLASMA o Straw coloured. Viscous fluid. o Organic component of plasma is Constituting nearly 55 per cent of the blood. o 90-92 per cent water + proteins 6-8 percent of it. o Fibrinogen, globulins and albumins are the major proteins. o Anticoagulant heparin is secreted by Mast cells prevent blood clotting in blood vessels. o FIBRINOGENS are needed for clotting or coagulation of blood. o GLOBULINS primarily are involved in defence mechanisms of the body o ALBUMINS help in
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